Understanding
Friedreich Ataxia

What is FA?
Diagnosis
mFARS

As FA progresses, a patient's mFARS
score will worsen (increase)

The modified Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale (mFARS) is a clinically validated neurological assessment1

The mFARS provides a detailed evaluation of a patient’s status and is generally accepted as a clinical trial endpoint due to its correlation with disease progression.1

In clinical practice, HCPs should use the assessment tool they feel is best for their patients.

mFARS measures1

The mFARS is made up of 4
components that focus on
functional abilities

The mFARS is scored on a scale of 0 to 93, with higher scores indicating more severe physical impairment.1

mFARS measures1

Lower limb coordination

Assessed Function: Coordination of legs and feet

Example Assessments and Scoring: Heel-along-shin slide, Heel-to-shin tap, 16 points total

Clinical Extrapolations of Possible Effects on Patient Abilities: Closely related to upright stability, also an important contributor to decline in ambulatory patients.2  Affects activities like putting on socks and shoes.

Upright stability

Assessed Function: Sitting, standing, and walking

Example Assessments and Scoring: Sitting posture, Stance, Gait, 36 points total

Clinical Extrapolations of Possible Effects on Patient Abilities: Assessment of individual ambulatory ability. Affects activities like walking, sitting in a car, standing in a line, and showering.

Upper limb coordination

Assessed Function: Fine motor coordination

Example Assessments and Scoring: Finger to finger, Nose to finger, Dysmetria, 36 points total

Clinical Extrapolations of Possible Effects on Patient Abilities: Ability to complete activities of daily living, such as getting dressed, eating, brushing teeth, typing, pointing, reaching, and turning a doorknob.

Bulbar function

Assessed Function: Speech clarity and strength and volume of coughing

Example Assessments and Scoring: Forceful cough, speech, 5 points total

Clinical Extrapolations of Possible Effects on Patient Abilities: Affects the ability to communicate clearly. Patients may also be at increased risk for respiratory infection.3

An increase in mFARS score could indicate further
loss of function that may affect everyday tasks

A natural history study of untreated patients found that FA progresses on average ~2 points per year 4

Mean change from baseline in mFARS4

The mFARS is a validated research tool in clinical research settings. However, when monitoring FA progression in individual patients with mFARS, it is important to note the following:

  • High variability in clinical presentation among FA patients and is meant to assess progression at a population level5
  • Variability in examiners assessing and scoring each patient6
  • Relative insensitivity to change over brief periods of time6

Given these variances, it is crucial for HCPs to select the most appropriate tool tailored to the specific needs of their patients when monitoring FA progression.

A treatment option for FA is available

Explore SKYCLARYS
Start your patient on SKYCLARYS

INDICATION

  • SKYCLARYS® (omaveloxolone) is indicated for the treatment of Friedreich ataxia in adults and adolescents aged 16 years and older

 

Important Safety Information

 

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Elevation of Aminotransferases

  • Treatment with SKYCLARYS can cause an elevation in hepatic transaminases (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate aminotransferase [AST]). The incidence of elevations of ALT or AST above 5 times and 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) was 16% and 31%, respectively, in patients treated with SKYCLARYS. There were no cases of concomitant elevation of transaminases and total bilirubin observed. Maximum increases in ALT and AST occurred within 12 weeks after starting SKYCLARYS. Increases in serum aminotransferases were generally asymptomatic and reversible following discontinuation of SKYCLARYS
  • Monitor ALT, AST, and total bilirubin prior to initiation of SKYCLARYS, every month for the first 3 months of treatment, and periodically thereafter. If transaminases increase to levels greater than 5 times the ULN, or greater than 3 times the ULN with evidence of liver dysfunction (e.g., elevated bilirubin), immediately discontinue SKYCLARYS and repeat liver function tests as soon as possible. If transaminase levels stabilize or resolve, SKYCLARYS may be reinitiated with an appropriate increased frequency of monitoring of liver function
 

Elevation of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide

  • Treatment with SKYCLARYS can cause an increase in B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), a marker of cardiac function. A total of 14% of patients treated with SKYCLARYS had an increase from baseline in BNP value above the ULN (100 pg/mL), compared to 4% of patients who received placebo. The incidence of elevation of BNP above 200 pg/mL was 4% in patients treated with SKYCLARYS. Cardiomyopathy and cardiac failure are common in patients with Friedreich ataxia. Whether the elevations in BNP are related to SKYCLARYS or cardiac disease associated with Friedreich ataxia is unclear
  • Elevations in BNP may indicate cardiac failure and should prompt an evaluation of cardiac function. Check BNP prior to initiation of SKYCLARYS. Monitor patients for the signs and symptoms of fluid overload, such as sudden weight gain (3 pounds or more of weight gain in one day, or 5 pounds or more of weight gain in a week), peripheral edema, palpitations, and shortness of breath. If signs and symptoms of fluid overload develop, worsen, or require hospitalization, evaluate BNP and cardiac function, and manage appropriately. Management of fluid overload and heart failure may require discontinuation of SKYCLARYS
 

Lipid Abnormalities

  • Treatment with SKYCLARYS can cause changes in cholesterol. In Study 1, 29% of patients treated with SKYCLARYS reported elevated cholesterol above ULN at one or more time points. Mean increases were observed within 2 weeks of initiation of SKYCLARYS and returned to baseline within 4 weeks of discontinuing treatment. A total of 16% of patients treated with SKYCLARYS had an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline, compared to 8% of patients who received placebo. The mean increase in LDL-C for all SKYCLARYS treated patients was 23.5 mg/dL at 48 weeks. A total of 6% of patients treated with SKYCLARYS had decreases in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) from baseline compared to 4% of patients who received placebo. The mean decrease in HDL-C for all SKYCLARYS-treated patients was 5.3 mg/dL at 48 weeks
  • Assess lipid parameters prior to initiation of SKYCLARYS and monitor periodically during treatment. Manage lipid abnormalities according to clinical guidelines
 

ADVERSE REACTIONS

  • The most common adverse reactions in Study 1 (≥20% and greater than placebo) were elevated liver enzymes (AST/ALT), headache, nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and musculoskeletal pain.
 

DRUG INTERACTIONS

  • Avoid concomitant use of SKYCLARYS with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inhibitors. If use cannot be avoided, dosage modifications are recommended
  • Avoid concomitant use of SKYCLARYS with moderate or strong CYP3A4 inducers
  • Refer to the prescribing information for dosing instructions for concomitant use of CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 substrates and monitor for lack of efficacy of the concomitant treatment
  • Advise patients to avoid concomitant use with combined hormonal contraceptives, implants, and progestin only pills
 

SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
Pregnancy

  • There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to SKYCLARYS during pregnancy. Healthcare providers are encouraged to enroll pregnant patients, or pregnant women may register themselves in the program by calling 1-866-609-1785 or by sending an email to SkyclarysPregnancySurveillance@ppd.com
  • There are no adequate data on the development risks associated with the use of SKYCLARYS in pregnant women
 

Lactation

  • There are no data on the presence of omaveloxolone or its metabolites in human milk. The effects on milk production and the breastfed infant are unknown. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s clinical need for SKYCLARYS and any potential adverse effects on the breastfed infant from SKYCLARYS or from the underlying maternal condition
 

Hepatic Impairment

  • Avoid treatment with SKYCLARYS in patients with severe hepatic impairment, including those who develop severe hepatic impairment
  • Reduced dosage in patients with moderate hepatic impairment with close monitoring for adverse reactions is recommended
 

Please see full Prescribing Information.

References

1. Rummey C, Corben LA, Delatycki MB, et al. Psychometric properties of the Friedreich Ataxia Rating Scale. Neurol Genet. 2019;5(6):371. 2. Rummey C, Corben LA, Delatycki M, et al. Natural history of Friedreich ataxia. Neurol. 2022;99:e1499-e1510. 3. Delatycki MD, Corben L, Pandolfo M, Lynch D, Schulz J. Consensus Clinical Management: Guidelines for Friedreich’s Ataxia. Murdoch Children’s Institute; 2014. 4. Patel M, Isaacs CJ, Seyer L, et al. Progression of Friedreich ataxia: quantitative characterization over 5 years. Ann Clin Transl Neurol. 2016;3(9):684-694. 5. Bürk K, Schulz SR, Schulz JB. Monitoring progression in Friedreich ataxia (FRDA): the use of clinical scales. J Neurochem. 2013;126(suppl 1):118-124. 6. Rummey C, Farmer JM, Lynch DR. Predictors of loss of ambulation in Friedreich’s ataxia. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;18:100213.

Intended for a US HCP audience.
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